The society of the s. XXI characterized by being globalized, commodified, neoliberal, unequal, and violent, place children in a hostile scenario, in which, on many occasions, the integral development of their personality is seriously compromised, as well as respect for the rights of childhood established in the Convention on the Rights of Children (1989) supported by the United Nations Organization. This symposium addresses childhood, understood as the period of life that extends from birth to 18 years of age, which is in a situation of vulnerability. Specifically, we refer to children whose life takes place in physical, psychological or social conditions that are potentially limiting and hinder their harmonious development, endangering the deployment of their personal and professional skills and abilities. The axis that forms the backbone of this work is the vulnerability suffered by children as a result of the unequal and unjust social conditions they suffer, as a consequence of: (1) The sexist violence exerted on minors and their mothers; (2) Poverty, wars, violence and inhumane living conditions caused by migratory flows of unaccompanied minors; (3) The stereotypes and segregation by reason of gender that guide girls from childhood to a professional future far from science and more linked to the little valued and not economically recognized care tasks; and (4) The lack of inclusive educational proposals that allow children with functional diversity to get to know their city.